This white paper is called, "Patching the Leaky Pipeline in the Sciences." It's about why we're losing so many women from the STEM fields. The STEM fields have been a concern of Obama's and others because it's where big science is moving and we need all of our talented scientists, and we need our domestic pool to be larger even than it is, and women have stepped up to the plate in the last 30 years. We have many more women in all scientific fields, particularly life sciences, where they are now about 50 percent. So there's a huge effort and a huge interest of women to go into the STEM fields, but what we've found, and others have found as well, is that they drop out after getting their Ph.D. or their postdoc. And our research shows quite definitively that the major leak for women is a result of family formation - largely childbirth and marriage. Married women with children are 37 percent less likely than married men with children to enter and take on the first academic research job. The women who did have 
babies, either as graduate students or postdocs, were very unlikely to continue. And part of the reason they were very unlikely to continue is that only 13 percent had any paid maternity leave for graduate students, and maybe 20 percent for postdocs. A good 43 percent had no leave policy at all, and these students are not covered by the FMLA. They also said (the graduate students and postdocs) that it was perceived that having a baby would make them look like they were less serious scientists, and that they would get less positive attention from their advisor, less career advice, etc. One of the major recommendations from the white paper is that the federal agencies and the major universities must get together and develop, in cooperation, baseline family responses that would include at least paid maternity and parental leave one would hope. This is not a small matter. It's actually a major matter of national importance that we need to have a strong, scientific talent pool, and women do form a great deal of it these days. So to keep more of them in the pipeline by providing better acommodations would make a huge difference to American science.